Biological Markers

Publication Title: 
International journal of STD & AIDS

Patients were recruited for hypnotherapy from a clinic for patients with frequently recurrent genital herpes simplex virus (rgHSV). Psychological and immunological parameters were measured 6 weeks prior to hypnotherapy and 6 weeks afterwards, during which time each patient kept a diary of symptoms of rgHSV. Following hypnotherapy there was a significant overall reduction in the number of reported episodes of rgHSV, accompanied by an increase in the numbers of CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes, which may represent a non specific effect of hypnosis.

Author(s): 
Fox, P. A.
Henderson, D. C.
Barton, S. E.
Champion, A. J.
Rollin, M. S.
Catalan, J.
McCormack, S. M.
Gruzelier, J.
Publication Title: 
Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

Our aim was to study the possible relationship between psychological stress and granulocyte activation primarily in healthy students during an examination period (n = 11) and also in chronically anxious patients (n = 15).

Author(s): 
Keresztes, Margit
Rudisch, Tibor
Tajti, János
Ocsovszki, Imre
Gardi, János
Publication Title: 
Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)

OBJECTIVE: Current evidence supports the efficacy of hypnosis for reducing the pain associated with experimental stimulation and various acute and chronic conditions; however, the mechanisms explaining how hypnosis exerts its effects remain less clear. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and pro-inflammatory cytokines represent potential targets for investigation given their purported roles in the perpetuation of painful conditions; yet, no clinical trials have thus far examined the influence of hypnosis on these mechanisms.

Author(s): 
Goodin, Burel R.
Quinn, Noel B.
Kronfli, Tarek
King, Christopher D.
Page, Gayle G.
Haythornthwaite, Jennifer A.
Edwards, Robert R.
Stapleton, Laura M.
McGuire, Lynanne
Publication Title: 
The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, soluble IL-6 receptor, soluble gp130, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and ciliary neutrophic factor (CNTF) were analyzed in 32 patients with severe malaria. Ten had renal failure, 8 had cerebral malaria, and 14 had other causes of severity. Before treatment, the IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptor plasma levels were significantly higher in persons with cerebral malaria or renal failure than in other groups (P<.01 for both). After initiation of therapy, IL-6 levels dropped within 24 h, but soluble IL-6 receptor levels increased.

Author(s): 
Wenisch, C.
Linnau, K. F.
Looaresuwan, S.
Rumpold, H.
Publication Title: 
Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH

Antimalarial drug resistance is a major public health challenge and the principal reason for the erosion of efficacious treatments. Cost and the limited number of antimalarial drugs in current use impose considerable constraints on malaria control, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The paper describes a multilateral, multidisciplinary research project on artemisinin-based combination therapy, which offers a new and potentially highly effective way to prevent or retard the development of drug resistance.

Author(s): 
Olliaro, P.
Taylor, W. R.
Rigal, J.
Publication Title: 
Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH

In Congo, urgent efforts are needed to help with the revision of the national antimalarial drug policy. Despite its high resistance level, chloroquine (CQ) is still extensively used as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The study was conducted in children under 5 years with uncomplicated malaria in Pointe-Noire and Brazzaville, the two largest cities that contain approximately 60% of the population of Congo.

Author(s): 
Nsimba, Basile
Jafari-Guemouri, Sayeh
Malonga, David A.
Mouata, André M.
Kiori, Jeannine
Louya, Frédéric
Yocka, Dominique
Malanda, Maurice
Durand, Rémy
Le Bras, Jacques
Publication Title: 
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

We conducted a randomized single-blinded trial comparing the efficacy and safety of artesunate (AS) + amodiaquine (AQ, 3 days) versus AS (3 days) + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, single dose) versus AS monotherapy (5 days) in Southern Mali. Uncomplicated malaria cases were followed for 28 days. Molecular markers of drug resistance were determined. After identification of recrudescences by genotyping, both artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) reached nearly 100% efficacy at Day 14 and Day 28 versus 98.3% and 96.5% for AS, respectively (P > 0.05).

Author(s): 
Djimde, Abdoulaye A.
Fofana, Bakary
Sagara, Issaka
Sidibe, Bakary
Toure, Sekou
Dembele, Demba
Dama, Souleymane
Ouologuem, Dinkorma
Dicko, Alassane
Doumbo, Ogobara K.
Publication Title: 
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology

OBJECTIVE: There is limited pharmacokinetic data available for the combination artesunate + amodiaquine, which is used widely to treat uncomplicated malaria. This study examines the bioavailability and tolerability of a fixed (200 mg artesunate + 540 mg amodiaquine) and loose (200 mg + 612 mg) combination with a 2x2 cross-over design in 24 healthy volunteers.

Author(s): 
Navaratnam, Visweswaran
Ramanathan, Surash
Wahab, Mohd Suhaimi Ab
Siew Hua, Gan
Mansor, Sharif Mahsufi
Kiechel, Jean-René
Vaillant, Michel
Taylor, Walter R. J.
Olliaro, Piero
Publication Title: 
International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer

Analogs of the malaria therapeutic, artemisinin, possess in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. In this study, two dimeric artemisinins (NSC724910 and 735847) were studied to determine their mechanism of action. Dimers were >1,000 fold more active than monomer and treatment was associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis induction. Dimer activity was inhibited by the antioxidant L-NAC, the iron chelator desferroxamine and exogenous hemin.

Author(s): 
Stockwin, Luke H.
Han, Bingnan
Yu, Sherry X.
Hollingshead, Melinda G.
Elsohly, Mahmoud A.
Gul, Waseem
Slade, Desmond
Galal, Ahmed M.
Newton, Dianne L.
Bumke, Maja A.
Publication Title: 
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

In India, chloroquine has been replaced by a combination of artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS-SP) for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Other available combinations, artemether-lumefantrine (AM-LF) and artesunate-mefloquine (AS-MQ), not included in the national program, are widely used by private practitioners. Little is known about the therapeutic efficacy of these artemisinin combinations and the prevalence of molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance. A total of 157 patients with P.

Author(s): 
Saha, Pabitra
Guha, Subhasish K.
Das, Sonali
Mullick, Shrabanee
Ganguly, Swagata
Biswas, Asit
Bera, Dilip K.
Chattopadhyay, Gaurangadeb
Das, Madhusudan
Kundu, Pratip K.
Ray, Krishnangshu
Maji, Ardhendu K.

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